Railroad rail, railroad track, or train track rail, is a key component of railroad systems. Most of the railroads are constructed by two parallel rails laying on railroad ties.
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Railroad rails nowadays are mainly made of steel through a series of manufacturing processes. It can undertake much more loads than ordinary metal products due to its extremely high strength. Thus, trains can get a stable and smooth surface to roll upon.
Rail Section Size
Modern railroad rails have an “I-beam” shape cross-section. The main parameters of the rail section include the rail height, the width of the head, the width of the base, and the thickness of the web. Different types of rails can be recognized according to the rail section and rail weight.
50kg/m rail60kg/m rail75kg/m rail
Typical railroad rail section specification
Item
Unit
CHN 75kg Rail
CHN 60kg Rail
CHN 50kg Rail
CHN 45kg Rail
Weight per meter
kg
74.414
60.64
51.514
44.653
Rail height
mm
192
176
152
140
Width of base
mm
150
150
132
111
Height of head
mm
55.3
48.5
42
42
Width of head
mm
75
73
70
70
Thickness of web
mm
20
16.5
15.5
14.5
Sectional area
cm2
95.073
77.45
65.8
57
the distance between the center of gravity and the rail base
mm
88
81
71
69
moment of inertia on the horizontal axis
cm 4
4490
3217
2037
1489
moment of inertia on the vertical axis
cm 4
665
524
377
260
Lower section coefficient
cm3
509
396
287
217
Upper section coefficient
cm3
432
339
251
208
Bottom transverse flexibility section coefficient
cm3
89
70
57
46
Rail section size of Chinese GB standard rails
Typical chemical composition of railroad rail (%)
Rail Grade
C
Si
Mn
P
S
Al
V
Tensile Strength (Mpa)
Elongation (%)
U71Mn
0.65~0.76
0.15~0.35
1.10~1.40
≤0.025
≤0.04
—
0.03
883
8
U71MnSi
0.65~0.75
0.85~1.15
1.10~1.15
≤0.04
≤0.04
≤
≤
883
8
U75V
0.71~0.78
0.50~0.70
0.75~1.05
≤0.025
0.008~0.025
0.004
0.04~0.08
900
UIC 900A
0.60~0.80
0.10~0.50
0.80~1.30
≤0.040
≤0.040
—
—
880~1030
10
TGV
0.60~0.80
0.10~0.50
0.80~1.30
≤0.035
≤0.030
≤0.004
—
EN
0.60~0.82
0.13~0.60
0.65~1.25
≤0.030
≤0.030
≤0.004
—
JIS 1101
0.63~0.75
0.15~0.30
0.70~1.10
≤0.030
≤0.025
—
—
Note：EN-European Standard; JIE1101-Japanese Industry Standard 1101-1993
Rail size tolerance and flatness requirements
The size tolerance and flatness of the rail section are also an important indicator of rail quality. If the cross-sectional size deviation is too large and the straightness is poor, it is difficult to lay high-quality railroad tracks. To ensure the stability of the train operation, the geometry and position of the track are required to be stable. To achieve this, high-precision dimensions and high straightness of the railroad tracks are essential.
Table 3-1 below lists the technical conditions of Beijing & Shanghai high-speed railway, foreign high-speed railway UIC860, JISEI011 (Japanese Industrial Standard 1101-1993), TGV, EN (European Standards Association), Chinese GB2585 and TBT2344 standards stipulate the allowable deviation of the rail size.
Table 3-2 lists the requirements of the above standards for rail straightness.
Size tolerance of typical high-speed railroad tracks in the world （mm）
Item
BJ & SH
UIC860
JISE1011
TGV
EN(A)
EN(B)
GB2585
TB/T2344
Rail height
±0.5
±0.6
±1.0
±0.5
±0.5
±0.6
＋0.8， －0.5
±0.5
Width of head
±0.5
±0.5
±0.8，－0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
0.5
—
Thickness of web
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
Width of base
±1.0
－0.5~＋1.0
±0.8
±0.8
±1.0
±1.0
＋1.0，－2.0
＋1.0，－2.0
The flatness of rail bottom
Sunken≤0.3
—
Uneven≤0.4
—
Sunken≤0.3
Sunken≤0.3
Sunken≤0.5
Sunken≤0.5
Asymmetry
Head≤0.5， base≤1.0
±1.5
Head to base offset ≤0.5
±1.5
±1.2
±1.2
Head≤0.5， base≤1.0
Head≤0.5， base≤1.0
End face verticality
≤0.6
≤0.6
≤0.5
≤0.6
≤0.6
≤0.6
≤1.0
≤1.0
3-1 Note：BJ & SH standards for the technical standards in Beijing & Shanghai；GB-Chinese Standard； TB-China Railway Standard
The flatness of typical high-speed train track rails in the world （mm）
Part
Item
Beijing & Shanghai
UIC860
JISE1101
TGV
EN（A）
EN（B）
GB2585
TB/T2344
Rail end
Vertical flatness (up)
0.4/2, 0.3/1
0.7/1.5
1.7/1.5
0.4/2, 0.3/1
0.5/1.5
0.5/1.5
0.8/1
0.5/1
Vertical flatness (down)
0.2/2
0
0
0.2/2
0.2/2
0.2/1.5
0.2/1
0.2/1
Horizontal flatness
0.5/2, 0.4/1
0.7/1.5
0.5/1.5
0.5/2, 0.4/1
0.6/2, 0.4/1
0.7/1.5
0.8/1
0.5/1
Rail body
Vertical Flatness
0.3/3, 0.2/1
—
—
0.3/3， 0.2/1
0.3/3， 0.2/1
0.4/3， 0.3/1
—
—
Horizontal flatness
0.45/1.5
—
—
0.45/1.5
0.6/1.5
0.6/1.5
—
—
Overlapping area
Vertical Flatness
0.3/2
—
—
—
0.3/2
0.4/1.5
—
—
Horizontal flatness
0.6/2
—
—
—
0.6/2
0.6/1.5
—
—
Full length
Upper and lower bend
≤5mm
—
10/10
≤5mm
≤5mm
≤5mm
0.5%
0.5%
Side bend
R＞1500m
—
10/10
R＞1500m
R＞1500m
R＞1500m
0.5%
0.5%
Edge
distortion
0.455/1
0.4/1
—
—
0.455/1
0.455/1
—
—
Full length
distortion
2.5m
—
1.0m
—
2.5m
2.5m
0.1%
0.1%
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Specifications of American Standard Rail (AREMA/ASCE Rails)
Rail Type
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight(kg/m)
Material
Length
175LBS Rail
109.86
152.4
152.4
38.1
86.8
900A/1100
12—25
115RERail
69.06
168.28
139.7
15.88
56.9
900A/1100
12—25
90RARail
65.09
142.88
130.18
14.29
44.65
900A/1100
12—25
ASCE 85 Rail
65.09
131.76
131.76
14.29
42.17
900A/1100
12-25
ASCE 75 Rail
62.71
122.24
122.24
13.49
37.2
900A/1100
12-25
ASCE 60 Rail
60.32
107.95
107.95
12.3
29.76
700
6-12
ASCE 50 Rail
54
98.4
98.4
11.11
24.855
700
6-12
ASCE 40 Rail
47.62
88.9
88.9
9.92
19.84
700
6-12
ASCE 30 Rail
42.86
79.38
79.38
8.33
14.88
700
6-12
ASCE 25 Rail
38.1
69.85
69.85
7.54
12.4
700
6-12
Specification of British rail (BS11:1985)
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length
BS113A Rail
69.85
158.75
139.7
20
56.398
900A
8-25
BS100A Rail
69.85
152.4
133.35
15.08
50.182
900A
8-25
BS90A Rail
66.67
142.88
127
13.89
45.099
900A
8-25
BS80A Rail
63.5
133.35
117.47
13.1
39.761
900A
8-25
BS75A Rail
61.91
128.59
114.3
12.7
37.455
900A
8-25
BS70A Rail
60.32
123.82
111.12
12.3
34.807
900A
8-25
BS60ARail
57.15
114.3
109.54
11.11
30.618
900A
6-18
BS80RRail
63.5
133.85
127
13.49
39.374
900A
8-25
BS75R Rail
61.91
128.59
122.24
13.1
37.041
900A
8-25
BS60R Rail
57.15
114.3
109.54
11.11
29.822
700
6-18
BS50 ORail
52.39
100.01
100.01
10.32
24.833
700
6-18
Specification of European Standard Rail (EN 13674-1-2003)
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length(m)
60E1 Rail
72
172
150
16.5
60.21
R260/R350HT
12-25
55E1 Rail
62
155
134
19
56.03
R260/R350HT
12-25
54E1 Rail
70
159
140
16
54.77
R260/R350HT
12-25
50E1 Rail
65
153
134
15.5
50.37
R260/R350HT
12-25
49E1 Rail
67
149
125
14
49.39
R260/R350HT
12-25
50E2 Rail
72
151
140
15
49.97
R260/R350HT
12-25
49E2 Rail
67
148
125
14
49.1
R260/R350HT
12-25
54E3 Rail
67
154
125
16
54.57
R260/R350HT
12-25
50E4 Rail
70
152
125
15
50.46
R260/R350HT
12-25
50E5 Rail
67
148
135
14
49.9
R260/R350HT
12-25
50E6 Rail
65
153
140
15.5
50.9
R260/R350HT
12-25
DIN Crane Rail
Size
Head (mm)
Height (mm)
Base (mm)
Web (mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length （m）
A45
45
55
125
24
22.1
700/900A/1100
10-12
A55
55
65
150
31
31.8
700/900A/1100
10-12
A65
65
75
175
38
43.1
700/900A/1100
10-12
A75
75
85
200
45
56.2
700/900A/1100
10-12
A100
100
95
200
60
74.3
700/900A/1100
10-12
A120
120
105
220
72
100
700/900A/1100
10-12
A150
150
150
220
80
150.3
700/900A/1100
10-12
Specification of Indian Standard Rail (ISCR)
Size
Head (mm)
Height (mm)
Base (mm)
Web (mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length （m）
ISCR 50 Rail
51.2
90
90
20
29.8
55Q/U71MN
9-12
ISCR60 Rail
61.3
105
105
24
40
55Q/U71Mn
9-12
ISCR70 Rail
70
120
120
28
52.8
U71Mn
9-12
ISCR80 Rail
81.7
130
130
32
64.2
U71Mn
9-12
ISCR100 Rail
101.9
150
150
38
89
U71Mn
9-12
ISCR120 Rail
122
170
170
44
118
U71Mn
9-12
Specifications of Japanese Standard Rail ( JIS E1103-93/JIS E1101-93 )
Size
Head (mm)
Height (mm)
Base (mm)
Web (mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length （m）
JIS 22kg Rail
50.8
93.66
93.66
10.72
22.3
55Q
9-10
JIS 30kg Rail
60.33
107.95
107.95
12.3
30.1
55Q
9-10
JIS37A Rail
52.71
122.24
122.24
13.49
37.2
U71Mn
10-25
JIS50n Rail
65
153
127
15
50.4
U71Mn
10-25
CR73 Rail
100
135
140
32
73.3
U71Mn
10-12
CR100 Rail
120
150
155
39
100.2
U71Mn
10-12
Specification of Australian Standard Rail (AS 1085)
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length（m）
31kg
63.5
108
117.5
11.5
31.5
900A/1100
6-25
41 kg
63.5
127
136.5
13.1
40.7
900A/1100
6-25
47 kg
70
127
141.3
14.3
46.5
900A/1100
6-25
50 kg
70
127
154
15
50.8
900A/1100
6-25
53 kg
70
146
157.1
14.7
53
900A/1100
6-25
60 kg
70
146
170
16.5
61
900A/1100
6-25
66 kg
75.4
152
181
16.5
65.5
900A/1100
6-25
68 kg
73.4
152
186
17.5
67.5
900A/1100
6-25
73 kg
70
146
157
32
73.6
900A/1100
6-25
86 kg
102
165
102
84.11
85.5
900A/1100
6-25
89 kg
102
178
114
51
89.81
900A/1100
6-25
Specification of South African Standard Rail ( ISCOR )
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length（m）
48kg
68
150
127
14
47.6
900A
9-25
40kg
63.5
127
127
14
40.31
900A
9-25
30kg
57.15
109.54
109.54
11.5
30.25
900A
9
22kg
50.01
95.25
95.25
9.92
22.54
700
9
15kg
41.28
76.2
76.2
7.54
14.905
700
9
Specifications Of Chinese Standard Rail
Light Rail Specification ( GB11264-89/YB222-63 )
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Sectional AreaCm2
9kg
32.1
63.5
63.5
5.9
8.94
11.29
12kg
38.1
69.85
69.85
7.54
12.2
15.54
15kg
42.86
79.37
79.37
8.33
15.2
19.33
18kg
40
90
80
10
18.06
23.07
22kg
50.8
93.66
93.66
10.72
22.3
28.39
30kg
60.33
107.95
107.95
12.3
30.1
38.32
Heavy Rail Specification (GB2585-2007)
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length（m）
Sectional AreaCm2
43kg
70
140
114
14.5
44.65
50Mn/U71Mn
12.5-25
57.0
50kg
70
152
132
15.5
51.51
50Mn/U71Mn
12.5-25
65.8
60kg
73
176
150
16.5
60.64
u71mn/u75vx
8-25
77.45
Crane Rail Specification (YB/T5055-93)
Size
Head(mm)
Height(mm)
Base(mm)
Web(mm)
Nominal weight (kg/m)
Material
Length（m）
Sectional AreaCm2
QU70 Rail
70
120
120
28
52.8
U71Mn
12
67.3
QU80 Rail
80
130
130
32
63.69
U71Mn
12
81.13
QU100 Rail
100
150
150
38
88.96
U71Mn
12
113.32
QU120 Rail
120
170
170
44
118.1
U71Mn
12
150.44
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