The rail fastening system can withstand the vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal forces generated during the train’s operation. At the same time, it has a certain elasticity to buffer vibration and noise, ensuring the smoothness and safety of the train’s operation.
The fastener system can be divided into multiple types according to the track type, usage scenario, and material, and is equipped with different components.
Main fasteners in railway track
E Clip Rail Fastening System
The E-type fastening system is one of the most widely used railway fastening systems, used primarily for concrete sleepers. It is widely used in ordinary railways and heavy-load railways and is suitable for standard tracks of high-speed railways.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| E clip | 2 | 60Si2MnA, 60Si2CrA |
| Shoulder | 2 | QT500-7, QT450-10 |
| Rail pad | 1 | HDPE, rubber, or EVA |
| Insulator | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
Features
Elastic design: E clips are made of spring steel, which provides good elasticity and can effectively absorb vibration and impact during train operation.
Simple installation: The structure is simple in design and easy to install and maintain.
Strong anti-fatigue performance: The fastener system can withstand the dynamic load of high-frequency train operation for a long time.
Nabla Clip Rail Fastening System
The Nabla fastening system is a fastening system named after its special Nabla shape. It is suitable for heavy-duty railways and corrosive environments, such as railways in mining areas.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Clip | 2 | 60Si2MnA, 60Si2CrA |
| Insulator | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Screw spike | 2 | Grade5.6:35# |
| Spring washer | 2 | ML08AI |
Features
High stability: Nabla fasteners provide very reliable lateral and longitudinal stability.
Strong adaptability: It is suitable for a variety of track conditions, including ordinary railways and high-temperature and corrosive environments.
High durability: The material has excellent performance and can withstand the dynamic load of railway operation for a long time.
SKL3/SKL12/SKL14 rail fastening system
SKL rail fastening systems (SKL3, SKL12, SKL14 ) are known for their excellent fatigue resistance and stability and are widely used in European railway systems. It applies to high-speed railway and urban rail transit.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| SKL tension clip | 2 | 60Si2CrA, 60Si2CrA, 38Si7 |
| Ss35 screw spike | 2 | Grade 4.6: Q235 |
| Grade 5.6: 35# | ||
| Grade 8.8: 45# | ||
| Flat washer | 2 | Q235 |
| Plastic dowel | 2 | HDPE, Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Guide plate | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Rail pad | 1 | EVA, or rubber |
Features
Strong elasticity: SKL fasteners have high elasticity and can effectively reduce vibration and noise when trains are running.
High reliability: With scientific design, it is able to withstand high dynamic loads in complex environments for a long time.
Low maintenance cost: Simple installation and maintenance, long service life.
KPO Rail Fastening System
The KPO fastening system is a wedge-shaped fastening commonly used on wooden and steel sleepers, applicable to ordinary railways, light rails, and low-speed railways.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| KPO clip | 2 | Q235 |
| Screw spike | 2 | Grade 4.6: Q235 |
| Grade 5.6: 35# | ||
| Grade 8.8: 45# | ||
| HS bolt 4 | 4 | Grade4.6: Q235 |
| Grade5.6: 35# | ||
| Grade8.8: 45# | ||
| Hex nut 2 | 2 | Grade 5: 35# |
| Grade 8: 45# | ||
| Double coil spring washer | 2 | 65Mn |
Features
Simple structure: KPO fasteners consist of a wedge-shaped design, which makes installation easy.
High stability: It can provide a stable track-fixing force.
Low Cost: The manufacturing and maintenance costs are relatively low.
Fist Clip Rail Fastening System
The fist fastening system is a boltless elastic fastening system that emphasizes fast installation and efficient performance. It is suitable for heavy-load railways and scenarios where rapid construction is required.
Main components
Spring steel clip: Bolt-free design, clamps the track.
Rail pad: Protects the sleepers and distributes the pressure.
Insulated retaining pin: It has multiple functions such as electrical insulation, stable fastening system, corrosion resistance, and simplified installation.
Features
Bolt-free design: No additional bolts are required during installation, simplifying the construction process.
High elasticity: It is suitable for railways with large dynamic loads, and can effectively absorb vibration and impact.
High reliability: It is suitable for long-term use with low maintenance requirements.
Fast Clip Rail Fastening System
The fast Clip fastening system is a highly efficient fastening system widely used in high-speed railways and urban rail transit. It is especially suitable for heavy-haul applications. The installation is quick and easy, the performance is outstanding.
Main components
Fast Clip fastener: Elastic fastener, pre-installed on the sleeper.
Rail Shoulder: Cast in the concrete railway sleepers to fix elastic rail clips and steel rail.
Rail pad: Protect the sleepers and increase system strength.
Insulator:: Electric isolation, reduce vibration, modify rail gauge, maintain tension, etc.
Features
Quick installation: Spring fasteners can be pre-installed on the sleepers in advance, greatly improving construction efficiency.
High stability: Provides strong fixing force and lateral stability.
Low maintenance requirement: The system is scientifically designed and has high durability.
Spring Blade Rail Fastening System
Known for its high elasticity and shock absorption performance, a spring blade rail fastening system is suitable for high-speed railways and heavy-load railways, particularly for long-distance freight lines and high-frequency passenger lines. It is commonly found in countries that require high dynamic performance, such as Mexico, Germany, and China.
Main components
Spring Blade: A blade-like design that clamps the rails elastically.
Rail pads: Provide support for the rails and sleepers, disperse the load, and protect the sleepers.
Insulator: Isolates electrical and physical contact between rail and sleeper, while dampening vibration, reducing noise, and protecting rail from wear.
T bolts and washers: These are used to fix the various components of the system to ensure overall stability.
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Features
High elastic design: Spring Blade fasteners adopt an elastic blade structure, which can provide excellent elastic performance and effectively absorb dynamic shock and vibration during train operation.
Strong stability: The clamping action of the elastic blade ensures the lateral and longitudinal stability of the rail.
Wide adaptability: Suitable for a variety of sleepers (concrete, composite materials) and track types (conventional and high-speed railways).
Hey-Back Rail Fastening System
The hey-back rail fastening system has a simple structure and is easy to install. It is mainly used for light-load railways and temporary tracks. It is widely used in industrial tracks and mining railways and is commonly seen in North European countries, the United States, and Australia. As for material adaptability, it is commonly used in wooden and steel sleeper lines, especially temporary tracks that need to be installed quickly.
Main components
Lateral clamp (hey-back spring clip): Fixes the rail from one side of the rail and provides strong clamping force.
Baseplate: Disperses the vertical pressure of the rail to prevent damage to the sleeper.
Coach screw: Used to connect and fix system components, providing additional stability.
T bolts and washers: These are used to fix the various components of the system to ensure overall stability.
Features
Simple structure: The hey-back system adopts a simple and efficient design, fixing the rails with lateral clamps, which is easy to install and maintain.
High durability: The system components are made of high-strength materials and can withstand the long-term impact of heavy-load trains.
Versatility: Suitable for a variety of sleepers (wooden sleepers, steel sleepers) and track types.
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